Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: Patients with thyroid insufficiency experience significant ocular morbidity resulting from thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune disorder that impacts orbital tissues. TED can manifest in individuals who are euthyroid or hypothyroid, however it is more prevalent in those with Graves' disease. Clinical symptoms encompass diplopia, optic neuropathy, eyelid retraction, and proptosis. There is a lack of epidemiological data on TED in Bangladesh.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of ocular manifestations in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted with 120 participants who had clinically confirmed TED. We wrote down information on the thyroid's function, how long the disease had been going on, and the person's age, sex, and race. The ophthalmologic evaluation included checking the person's vision, eyelids, proptosis, extraocular motility, and fundus. Data analysis was done with SPSS v26.0, and chi-square was used to test for connections. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered important.
Results: 68.3% of the participants were female, with a mean age of 41.6 ± 11.8 years. Hyperthyroidism was identified in 65% of patients. Eyelid retraction (71.7%) and proptosis (61.7%) were the most common eye problems. Conjunctival congestion (35%) and lid lag (48.3%) were next. 32.5% experienced diplopia, 17.5% encountered exposure keratopathy, and 7.5% got optic neuropathy. Proptosis and eyelid retraction were substantially more prevalent in hyperthyroid individuals compared to those with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism (p<0.05). A longer duration of thyroid dysfunction was connected to more frequent and worse eye problems.
Conclusion: Middle-aged women are the primary victims of TED, and hyperthyroid individuals demonstrate more severe ocular involvement. To prevent issues that could harm eyesight, it is essential to discover them early and have regular eye exams. These results provide foundational data to guide the formulation of clinical management strategies and policies for TED in Bangladesh.